Characteristics and notes on Naturalization and Permanent Residence in Japan

Difference between Naturalization and Permanent Residence:

The major difference between naturalization and permanent residence is the acquisition of “nationality.” While many countries recognize dual or multiple nationalities, Japan does not allow multiple (dual) nationality as of 2023. Naturalization involves acquiring Japanese nationality, which requires giving up one’s original nationality. On the other hand, permanent residence is a status that allows a person to live in Japan without the need to renew their Status of Residence while retaining their original nationality.

Characteristics and Conditions of Naturalization:

Through naturalization, individuals can obtain the same rights as Japanese nationals, including the right to vote and work as a public official. It provides the opportunity to live life as a Japanese citizen without concerns about nationality, such as when seeking employment. While the minimum continuous residence requirement for permanent residence is generally 10 years, naturalization requires a minimum of 5 years of continuous residence, which may seem easier at first. However, the naturalization application process is more time-consuming and rigorous. It involves providing a detailed life record from birth to the present and undergoing multiple interviews in Japanese after the application filing. The examination period for naturalization applications is often longer, which can create a significant psychological burden for the applicant.

Characteristics and Conditions of Permanent Residence:

Permanent residence allows individuals to engage in unrestricted activities in Japan, including work that may not be permitted under other residential statuses. For general working statuses like “Engineer/Specialist in humanities/International services,” “Business Manager,” and “Intra-company Transferee,” there are work restrictions. However, with permanent residence, individuals have more flexibility in their work options, including part-time or simple jobs.

To qualify for permanent residence, individuals generally need to have continuously resided in Japan for at least 10 years or more. During this period, they must hold a valid working status (excluding specific categories like “Technical Intern Training” and ” Specified skilled worker (i)”) or a residential status for at least 5 years or more. It’s important to note that the period of stay must be continuous and not simply a total accumulation. Fulfilling the application requirement itself can be challenging due to the high hurdle of continuous residence.

Additionally, when applying for permanent residence, if an individual’s current status of residence expires during the application process, they must apply for a renewal of their status of residence. Failure to do so may result in being considered illegally staying in Japan, so it’s crucial to remember this requirement and take the necessary steps to maintain legal status.